The importance of education and training in neuroendocrine neoplasms: challenges and opportunities for multidisciplinary management

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) exemplify the challenges and opportunities inherent in managing rare cancers. Their rarity, biological heterogeneity, and diagnostic complexity necessitate a highly structured and multidisciplinary approach to patient care. In this context, education and training emerge as central pillars for improving clinical outcomes. This review highlights how integrating multidisciplinary teams of diverse medical specialties enhances diagnostic accuracy, refines therapeutic strategies, and ensures adherence to evolving best practices. Establishing dedicated training pathways—both through traditional educational models and innovative digital platforms—is crucial to address the unique learning needs posed by NENs. Scientific societies play a pivotal role by producing guidelines and fostering continuous professional development, although notable variability across international recommendations emphasizes the need for clinicians to harmonize and interpret critically. Patient advocacy groups, meanwhile, have become essential actors in the educational ecosystem, bridging informational gaps and advocating for patient-centered research and policy initiatives. Emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence, offer promising tools to support clinical education and decision-making, provided that their implementation is cautious, validated, and integrated under healthcare professionals’ guidance. By analyzing the NEN model, this review underscores that the future of rare cancer management relies on building strong collaborative networks, promoting standardized yet flexible educational programs, and embracing technological innovation, always focusing on quality, safety, and patient-centered care.