Although the judgments on “sports and antitrust” handed down by the Court of Justice in December 2023 had a wide outreach, the principles established on the antitrust implications of “forced” sports arbitration received less echo. Taking as its starting point the International Skating Union (“Isu”) case, whereby this complex issue was reviewed for the first time by the Court of Justice, the paper proposes a systematic assessment thereof. The analysis will develop a broader preliminary framework on the interplay among commercial arbitration and antitrust law. It will then turn to analyse the main precedents in which possible antitrust concerns for “forced” sports arbitration have been examined, paving the way for its ultimate qualification as an aggravating circumstance of the “main” antitrust infringement. Against this historical-legal background, the achievement of a systematic framing will be attempted, focusing on the need to ensure that awards (and, indirectly, sports federations decisions) are subject to an effective judicial review, so as not to undermine the full effectiveness of Eu antitrust law. Thereby a proposal of (re)qualification of the conduct as part of a single and continuous infringement will be conceived. The assessment will also delve into the potential far-reaching aftermath of the ISU judgment, given the possible domino effect that a broad application thereof might engender, on the one hand, on sports justice (i.e. administered by the internal bodies of sports federations) and, on the other hand, on commercial arbitration. To thoroughly address the interplay among arbitration and antitrust, brief references will also be made to private enforcement issues which have not been explicitly addressed by the Court of Justice.
Sebbene le sentenze su “sport e antitrust” della Corte di giustizia del dicembre 2023 abbiano ricevuto ampia visibilità, un’eco minore è stata avuta dai principi espressi circa le implicazioni antitrust del c.d. vincolo arbitrale sportivo. Traendo spunto dal caso International Skating Union (“Isu”), ove per la prima volta il complesso tema è stato valutato dalla Corte di giustizia, il contributo ne propone un’indagine sistematica. L’analisi si svilupperà da un fondamentale inquadramento preliminare delle intersezioni tra arbitrato commerciale e diritto antitrust. Si passerà quindi a esaminare i principali precedenti che hanno valutato la rilevanza antitrust del vincolo arbitrale sportivo, infine qualificato come circostanza aggravante dell’infrazione antitrust “principale”. Tale quadro storico-giuridico consentirà di addivenire a un tentativo di inquadramento sistematico, valorizzando l’esigenza di consentire una revisione giudiziale effettiva dei lodi (e, indirettamente, delle decisioni delle federazioni sportive), così da non pregiudicare la piena efficacia del diritto antitrust Ue. Ciò consentirà anche di proporre una (ri)qualificazione della fattispecie come parte di un’unica infrazione continuata. Si indagheranno poi i possibili effetti espansivi della sentenza Isu e l’effetto domino che potrebbe derivare da una sua applicazione estensiva sia a tutta la c.d. giustizia sportiva sia all’arbitrato commerciale. Per una compiuta disamina delle interazioni tra arbitrato e antitrust, verranno infine accennate alcune questioni, in tema di private enforcement, non esplicitamente affrontate dalla Corte di giustizia.
Non solo Superleague nella “trilogia” su sport e antitrust della Corte di giustizia: il futuro del TAS, dell’arbitrato e della giustizia sportiva alla luce di International Skating Union / Naso, Niccolò Maria. - In: CONCORRENZA E MERCATO. - ISSN 1720-2698. - 30-31/2023-2024:(2025), pp. 41-89.
Non solo Superleague nella “trilogia” su sport e antitrust della Corte di giustizia: il futuro del TAS, dell’arbitrato e della giustizia sportiva alla luce di International Skating Union
Niccolò Maria Naso
2025
Abstract
Although the judgments on “sports and antitrust” handed down by the Court of Justice in December 2023 had a wide outreach, the principles established on the antitrust implications of “forced” sports arbitration received less echo. Taking as its starting point the International Skating Union (“Isu”) case, whereby this complex issue was reviewed for the first time by the Court of Justice, the paper proposes a systematic assessment thereof. The analysis will develop a broader preliminary framework on the interplay among commercial arbitration and antitrust law. It will then turn to analyse the main precedents in which possible antitrust concerns for “forced” sports arbitration have been examined, paving the way for its ultimate qualification as an aggravating circumstance of the “main” antitrust infringement. Against this historical-legal background, the achievement of a systematic framing will be attempted, focusing on the need to ensure that awards (and, indirectly, sports federations decisions) are subject to an effective judicial review, so as not to undermine the full effectiveness of Eu antitrust law. Thereby a proposal of (re)qualification of the conduct as part of a single and continuous infringement will be conceived. The assessment will also delve into the potential far-reaching aftermath of the ISU judgment, given the possible domino effect that a broad application thereof might engender, on the one hand, on sports justice (i.e. administered by the internal bodies of sports federations) and, on the other hand, on commercial arbitration. To thoroughly address the interplay among arbitration and antitrust, brief references will also be made to private enforcement issues which have not been explicitly addressed by the Court of Justice.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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