E-Parks sizing: utilisation and diversity factors approach

In the global context of the electrification of consumption, the ever-increasing penetration of electric vehicles is assuming great importance. In transport sector, one of the most impacting, this process is, however, held back, on the one hand by current technology and costs, and on the other by the current limits of the electricity system. In particular, in the second case, there are numerous initiatives to adapt the electricity grid to an exponential increase in consumption due to the charging of electric vehicles: V2G (vehicle to grid), DSR (demand side response), distributed generation, Smart grids, new vehicle charging technologies. Like any technological revolution, however, many of these initiatives are still stuck in theory and the march towards their real use in everyday life is still proceeding rather slowly. While waiting for a large-scale implementation of these new technologies, one of the strategies is the optimization and rationalization of the resources and structures we currently have at our disposal (also with a view to preventing overloads and malfunctions). In this work, an analysis is first made of the types of parking for electric vehicles starting from their purpose and location. A modeling of this data is then carried out, mainly in terms of probability of customer arrival, parking hours and state of charge upon entry and exit to the car park. Finally, an algorithm is presented which, starting from a series of input data (which consider the dimensions of the car park and the context in which it is located, the power of the charging points and some simple DSR mechanisms, in addition to the data concerning the type of parking and on which a model had been created) predicts the load diagrams and subsequently calculates the utilization and simultaneity coefficients for each of the types of E-Parks taken into account. These coefficients allow a design of electrical systems based on consumption very similar to real consumption, without therefore overestimating the use of material, money and energy necessary for the construction and operation of the car parks.