Dalla Morfologia delle lesioni alla diagnosi dei dissesti. Un protocollo in ambiente H-BIM per la classificazione dei danni strutturali

Interpreting crack patterns and their severity is fundamental for assessing risk, planning interventions, and therefore conserving historic buildings. Despite this importance – recognized by the legislation for Cultural Heritage (D.P.C.M. 9 February 2011) – there is a lack in standardized protocols for classifying cracks, which need to be analyzed critically to effectively assess the most probable damage mechanism. Historic Building Information Modelling (H-BIM) can be a valid instrument for visualizing and interpreting damage, since it enables the integration of data about cracks with other relevant factors, such as deformations, historical transformations, construction features. Moreover, cracks and deformations can be spatially located, providing a comprehensive understanding of the damage. However, mapping cracks in BIM is still challenging due to a lack of appropriate tools and shared methodologies. This contribution proposes an H-BIM protocol for damage representation and analysis which starts from the classification of the crack pattern, according to relevant features (direction, position, width, presence of hinges, passing or nonpassing cracks), and then tries to correlate it to geometric deformations, construction characteristics, material degradation and historical modifications, in order to guide the identification of the most probable collapse mechanism and of its causes. The proposed method is here validated through its application to a case study, for which an information model has been developed.