Design-Driven Innovation for Natural Capital. Mapping Criticisms Among Conservation bodies to Implement Accessible Technological Tools for Conservation

The conservation of Natural Capital is becoming one of the most critical challenges for the upcoming generations in preserving the health of the planet and the human species. Innovative technologies, such as IT sensors, software, and AI, play a significant role in monitoring, managing, and protecting natural ecosystems. However, their integration into environmental sciences to address climate change and ecosystem preservation faces challenges like data accessibility, reliability, and the need for features supporting long-term growth in volatile environments subject to rapid changes. Additionally, the diversity in conservation objectives, cultural backgrounds of practitioners, fragmented nature of information, and lack of coordination contribute to a disorganized data ecosystem and the development of problem-specific solutions that are difficult to transfer to other conservation scenarios. This study employs Human-Centered Design tools to examine the complexities faced by conservation organizations. Through field analysis with six Italian and international organizations and involving 145 operators managing protected areas, the study maps operational criticalities and compares them to identify potential advantages and challenges of using innovative technologies for natural capital management. The research proposes a paradigm shift towards a design philosophy that prioritizes accessibility and usability, instils confidence in data for decision-making, and strengthens collective conservation efforts. It underscores the need for technological tools to cater to users with diverse abilities, goals, and cultural backgrounds. Emphasizing user involvement in design processes, such as personalization and co-design, the study highlights the pivotal role of design techniques in enhancing the effectiveness of digital solutions for environmental conservation.