Innovative tools and methods for digitizing both visible and non-visible attributes of cultural heritage items. Part II: a multiscale approach

The process of object digitization marks the initial step toward digital transformation, focusing on discretizing specific geometric entities according to predefined level of detail. The degree of detail, depending on the scale of representation and visualization, is important for two critical steps: segmentation and classification. These stages aim to partition the object into regions with homogeneous properties and assigning labels to each region based on its characteristics. The geometrical model implementation follows, serving different objectives including the structural analyses of the digitized object. Within this framework three mechanical methods will be presented: the lattice-based model dating back to Hrennikoff (1943), the Discrete Element Method (Cundal, 1971) and the microplane method (Bažant and Oh, 1985). These methods will be discussed alongside applications concerning brick walls, concrete element and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials utilized for reinforcement of existing concrete elements as well as new FRP element. Depending on the chosen scale, the numerical model can be implemented based on Voronoi Diagram (1908) and Delaunay triangulation (1934). These techniques find applications in various fields, including cluster analysis, record access scheduling, and collision detection.