Positive self-talk: Promoting constructive and goal-directed self-criticism. Proposal for a new protocol of intervention

Self-criticism is associated with various mental disorders and can negatively impact relationships, performance, and goal achievement. However, self-criticism can also be adaptive when it promotes realistic and constructive reflection, fostering personal improvement and goal attainment. Many interventions aim to reduce self-criticism by encouraging self-compassion; however, it has been demonstrated that self-criticism and self-compassion are distinct processes that can coexist. Moreover, most interventions overlook the adaptive function of self-criticism and, despite its negative impact on goal achievement, often fail to integrate strategies that enhance goal-directed behavior. Therefore, this study presents the development of a novel intervention designed to reduce dysfunctional self-criticism while fostering a constructive and goal-oriented approach. An extensive literature review and expert consultations were conducted to analyze theoretical models and existing treatments. The prevalence of maladaptive self-criticism was considered to identify the target population. Various delivery formats were evaluated to ensure the intervention was scalable, accessible, and cost-effective while maintaining efficacy. As a result of this structured development process, “Positive Self-Talk” was created as a preventive tool aimed at healthy individuals, recognizing that even in non-clinical populations, internal dialogue is often dominated by self-critical content. The intervention integrates techniques from Positive Psychology, third-wave Cognitive-Behavioral models, and the Nonviolent Communication model. Designed as an online guided self-help program, it ensures broad accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness while overcoming common barriers associated with traditional therapy. Positive Self-Talk comprises six structured modules combining psychoeducation, self-monitoring tools, and practical exercises. These modules help users identify dysfunctional self-criticism, explore its underlying motivations, and transform it into a more constructive and adaptive process. Functional imagery techniques are incorporated to reinforce learning and facilitate goal achievement. Moreover, participants receive support from a trained Tutor, a psychologist who fosters motivation, commitment, and personal goal attainment through activity monitoring and online guidance. Positive Self-Talk is hypothesized to reduce dysfunctional self-criticism, enhance psychological well-being, and support pursuing meaningful goals. Future steps include evaluating its efficacy through empirical studies, with plans to adapt and extend its application to clinical populations.