The paper investigates the social construction of the “enemy” through the lens of youth marginalization and ethnic stigma in the context preceding the 2020 Tigray War in Ethiopia. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, mostly based in Tigray, the study argues that the dichotomy of “enemy/friend” is rooted in the social production of symbolic boundaries. This article aims to explore how historical narratives and political dynamics have been used to frame certain regional groups, particularly the Tigrayans, as the “enemy” leading up to the outbreak of the war. It also discusses how youth marginality and ethnic stigma may be intertwined in processes of “otherness”. The article highlights how the strategic use of symbolic boundaries can facilitate individual trajectories of both acceptance and avoidance of conflict and violence. Building on these premises, it examines how various social actors deploy such boundaries to navigate an uncertain political landscape. By examining the micro-level dynamics of social relations and the macro-level forces shaping ethnic nationalism, the study aims to provide a combined understanding of the socio-political factors underlying the recent conflict in Tigray. The findings contribute to the broader literature on the social construction of identity, ethnicity and youth marginality in highly conflictual contexts.
Il lavoro si muove nel complesso panorama socio-politico dell’Etiopia prima dello scoppio della guerra (non solo civile) tra il governo federale e la regione del Tigray nel novembre 2020. Attraverso un’analisi etnografica, il contributo esamina la costruzione delle identità etniche, le crescenti tensioni interetniche e le narrazioni politiche che hanno contribuito alla formazione di un ambiente predisposto al conflitto. L’articolo mira ad andare oltre il semplice discorso politico, evidenziando un clima di paura, una maggiore polarizzazione etnica e l’intensificarsi della violenza. Seguendo il caso di un giovane ‘gangster’ di Mekelle, tra stigma e tentativo di riscatto sociale, lo studio intende fornire una ricostruzione delle condizioni e dei sentimenti che hanno preceduto la guerra in Etiopia, un conflitto oggi largamente assente dalla copertura mediatica internazionale. Il contributo si propone, inoltre, di analizzare come il discorso etnografico a livello micro si intersechi con il più ampio contesto della definizione dei confini etnici. A tal fine, la discussione adotta alcuni elementi del quadro teorico definito da Wimmer (2008), secondo il quale i confini etnici possono essere modellati da una combinazione di fattori istituzionali, dislivelli di potere e reti politiche all’interno di un campo sociale.
Tsila: the social construction of the enemy. Youth marginality and ethnic stigma before the Tigray war / Marasco, Mario. - In: ANUAC. - ISSN 2239-625X. - 14 (1):(2025), pp. 79-105. [10.4000/14512]
Tsila: the social construction of the enemy. Youth marginality and ethnic stigma before the Tigray war
Marasco, Mario
2025
Abstract
The paper investigates the social construction of the “enemy” through the lens of youth marginalization and ethnic stigma in the context preceding the 2020 Tigray War in Ethiopia. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, mostly based in Tigray, the study argues that the dichotomy of “enemy/friend” is rooted in the social production of symbolic boundaries. This article aims to explore how historical narratives and political dynamics have been used to frame certain regional groups, particularly the Tigrayans, as the “enemy” leading up to the outbreak of the war. It also discusses how youth marginality and ethnic stigma may be intertwined in processes of “otherness”. The article highlights how the strategic use of symbolic boundaries can facilitate individual trajectories of both acceptance and avoidance of conflict and violence. Building on these premises, it examines how various social actors deploy such boundaries to navigate an uncertain political landscape. By examining the micro-level dynamics of social relations and the macro-level forces shaping ethnic nationalism, the study aims to provide a combined understanding of the socio-political factors underlying the recent conflict in Tigray. The findings contribute to the broader literature on the social construction of identity, ethnicity and youth marginality in highly conflictual contexts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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