Modeling breast cancer dynamics through modulable small Vessel Environment Bioreactor (sVEB)

The development of advanced in vitro systems to replicate vascularized tissue environments is critical for studying cancer progression, immune interactions, and therapeutic responses. Traditional models often lack physiological perfusion, scale flexibility, and compatibility with complex microenvironments, limiting their translational impact. The small Vessel Environment Bioreactor (sVEB) represents a promising advancement in microfluidic and organ-on-chip technologies, enabling the replication of dynamic environments that mimic key features of vascular and tumor biology. Validated through in vitro experiments and computational flow simulations, the sVEB supports vascular network formation, dynamic cell cultures, and tumor-immune interactions. iPSC-derived endothelial cells in the sVEB formed stable perfusable microvessels with secondary branching into the surrounding matrix, while fluidic simulations confirmed laminar flow and shear stress conditions compatible with physiological parameters. In parallel, breast cancer organoids were assembled within the hydrogel compartment surrounding the sVEB and cultured under dynamic flow conditions. Moreover, CD8+ T lymphocytes were delivered using a magnetic nanoparticle-based approach, enabling immune–tumor contact within the model. Advancing this technology will require continued efforts on biomaterial development, integration of patient-derived cells, and standardized protocols to ensure scalability and reproducibility, ultimately establishing the sVEB as a versatile platform for precision medicine capable of modeling patient-specific microenvironments to support the discovery of innovative therapeutic approaches.