Social and solidarity economy: a conceptual framework for social impact measurement and evaluation

Research contributes to the elaboration of a multilevel theoretical framework enabling a reflexive social impact measurement and evaluation of SSEEOs’ actions (SIMES). The purpose is to investigate the effects of SSEEOs’ conduct and of SSEEOs’ relationships with their stakeholders (in particular, with funders), as well as the general effects of the relational environment, on the social impacts of SSEEOs’ actions. Specifically, we design a theoretical framework focused on the notion of relational reflexivity that is used to illustrate how SSEEOs’ relational characteristics (social objectives, social conduct, dependence on borrowed funds, peripheral position in the social arena) may influence SIMES. Research leads to the identification of a set of critical questions to be answered before implementing SIMES. The evaluation of the social impacts and, possibly, also a reflection on the reliability of the estimates obtained, crucially depends on the answers provided to such questions. A “reflexive SIMES” might reduce the risk of: confusing SSEEOs’ people centered approach with inefficiency or ineffectiveness; charging on SSEEOs costs that depend on their marginal position in the social arena, or that are generated by conflicting relationships with organizations that have greater legitimacy or social power; underestimating the negative impact that relying on market funds may have on SSEEOs’ social conduct and impacts.