Social expenditure functions, inclusiveness and well-being in Europe: an explorative analysis

We illustrate an empirical analysis carried out for 22 European countries over the period 2008-2019 of the relationships between a set of socio-economic indicators and social protection expenditure functions. The empirical evidence suggests that expenditure targeting is relevant in the implementation of social policy objectives. Furthermore, non-linear relationships emerge between expenditure functions and performance indicators. Finally, results might suggest the relevance of the socio cultural dimension as a determinant of the effectiveness of social policies.