Variations in the anatomy of the basal vein of Rosenthal: a systematic review

Background: The basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR) is a venous structure in the deep cerebral venous system. It plays an important role in cerebral hemorrhages, particularly subarachnoid hemorrhages and perimesencephalic hemorrhages. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the BVR’s anatomical and functional classification and its role in various clinical situations. Aim of the study: The review was conducted from inception to September 27, 2024. It was made according to the PRISMA Statement 2020 and using the following databases: Scopus, Pubmed and Web of Science. Studies were considered eligible if they provided precise data and information on the anatomical variation of the basal vein of Rosenthal. The quality assessment was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Materials and methods: A total of 12 articles, whose studies were conducted in different countries were included. Data on the classification of the basal vein of Rosenthal, surgical or radiological, and the outcome, mainly haemorrhagic, were reported. BVR type b or c correlates with increased venous fragility and an outcome of idiopathic haemorrhage. Conclusions: The anatomical classification of the BVR highlights the importance of careful surgical planning and prophylactic measures while providing valuable insights into idiopathic cerebral hemorrhages.