The Transformations of Society During the Ubaid Period and at the Beginning of the Late Chalcolithic in Northern Mesopotamia and Eastern Anatolia

The Tigris and Euphrates rivers have always been important ways of communication linking territories north and south of the Taurus Mountain range. This is evident in the similarities in material culture between sites in Mesopotamia and Eastern Anatolia in the 6th and 5th millennia BCE and in the similar economic and political structure of these regions during the so􀀟 called Late Chalcolithic period, the period in which these regions were characterised by an important growth in complexity, that will bring about at the very origins of the first state societies around the end of the 4th millennium BCE.