Integrating HBIM and Information Ontologies for enhanced management of layered archaeological sites

Accurate representation of industrial archaeological sites presents significant challenges due to the complexity of their historical layers and configurations. Traditional documentation techniques such as photogrammetry and laser scanning provide detailed geometric data but often lack the necessary semantic depth, limiting the interpretative capabilities required for effective site management, reuse and valorization activities. This paper introduces an advanced workflow that integrates Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) with information ontologies, enabling the import and synchronization of semantically enriched data within a knowledge-based system. The methodological approach employs Dynamo Visual Programming Language (VPL) scripts with customized Python nodes to bridge the gap between physical data capture and meaningful information interpretation. The workflow comprises four main stages: (1) Extracting and creating parameters using structured ontologies to define Representation Templates; (2) Populating properties in the HBIM model; (3) Exporting to RDF enriching the knowledge base; (4) Updating the HBIM from the knowledge base. The application to the Sanctuary of Hercules and former Segrè Papermill in Tivoli demonstrates how this approach deepens the understanding of the site, thereby enhancing conservation practices. This work highlights the transformative potential of merging HBIM with ontological frameworks via Dynamo, allowing dynamic management of diverse building interpretations and configurations within the geometric model and thus offering a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced in digital heritage management of complex archaeological sites.