Electrospun PLA/nHAp Coatings for Enhanced Biocompatibility of Titanium Implants

Titanium and its alloys are widely used in the biomedical field, particularly for orthopedic and dental applications, due to excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. The biological inertness of titanium alloys can indeed limit osseointegration, which is crucial for forming a stable bond with surrounding bone tissue. Despite their high biocompatibility, titanium alloys often require surface modifications to enhance their osseointegration properties. To improve osseointegration, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and corrosion resistance of titanium implants, various surface treatments and coatings are employed. These modifications enhance the interaction between titanium and biological tissues and can also serve as vehicles for controlled drug delivery, reducing postoperative infection risks and promoting tissue healing. This work focuses on the development of nanofibrous coatings made of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) for titanium implants via electrospinning. PLA is selected for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and favorable mechanical properties. Additionally, nHAp is incorporated into the coatings to improve bioactivity, given its chemical similarity to bone mineral, primarily composed of hydroxyapatite. By combining the mechanical strength of titanium, the bioactivity of nHAp, and the structural advantages and biodegradability of PLA, these materials can create an optimal environment for bone regeneration. The PLA/nHAp coatings offer a promising strategy for enhancing the biocompatibility and osseointegration of titanium implants, making them good candidates for advanced orthopedic and dental applications.