Time Flow Mindfulness Questionnaire (TFMQ)

Time Flow Mindfulness Questionnaire (TFMQ) is a self-report rating scale designed to measure the emotional, cognitive, bodily, environmental, and action-related distractions that arise during three common phases of mindfulness meditation practice: the preliminary moments, during practice, and after practice. This 42-item rating scale is suitable for both novice and experienced adult practitioners, including those from the general population and workplace settings. The TFMQ assesses the multi-source and multi-temporal experiences of mindfulness and its benefits through the following first- and second-order factors: Practice (preliminary, during), Benefits (short-term, long-term), and Benefits at work. Its dimensionality was derived through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, demonstrating strong internal consistency within a sample of 141 mindfulness practitioners. The TFMQ has been validated across a few studies with diverse samples and designs (e.g., cross-sectional, cross-lagged), demonstrating acceptable validity and reliability. The TFMQ is a valid and reliable tool for assessing mindfulness experiences. It enables practitioners to gain deeper awareness of the various distractions that arise during different stages of mindfulness practice.