In the second half of the eleventh century, religious euergetism is among the key markers illustrating the influence of the “età delle Contee” in the southern Italian context. This is legitimised by a handful of monuments, led by the cathedral of Melfi (1067-1076), which inevitably recalls the second generation of the Altavilla family, created abroad and still tied to its shores of origin. In the absence of the more representative masonry keeps, Robert and Roger resorted to the patronage of the sacred also to mark the division of conquests, availing themselves of the services of the uticensis monasticism, which migrated to southern Italy around 1060. Through political action aimed at selected yet strategic episcopal and abbey seats, time has rendered a twofold mapping of the choirs, even in the face of their varying state of preservation: an ambulatory with three radial chapels in the Appennine Lucania of the Guiscard and chapelles échelonnées in the Tyrrhenian Calabria of the Great Count. Basically, two distinguishable imported models for two separated at home, which purposely made “norman” the places of worship dear to the Altavillas. The present essay focuses on the first group of buildings, with a suggestive reference in the basement chevet of the norman Primatial in Rouen, dating from the 1030s. While rejecting for the time being its direct cloning at the centre of the Mediterranean, the forgotten cases of the Assunta Cathedral of Melfi, the Cathedral of Acerenza and the Trinità at Venosa remind us to settle for the available evidence. This includes the transmission of an already codified choir model that was in decline in Normandy, purposefully simplified and stripped down in every component to meet the strict requirements of colonisation and cost-effectiveness at the construction site. Therefore, the precursor cathedral of Melfi for the archaeology of the elevations, followed by Acerenza live and Venosa open-air, were the undisputed creations of the Guiscard that remained “unfinished”, with Melfi as the forerunner of a choir replicated with informed knowledge almost à l’identique.
Nella seconda metà del Mille, l’evergetismo in chiave religiosa è tra i ragionevoli marcatori per soppesare il portato dell’età delle Contee nel contesto italo-meridionale. A legittimarlo è una manciata di monumenti, con in testa la cattedrale di Melfi (1067-1076), che giocoforza richiama la seconda generazione degli Altavilla, oltremontana per nascita e ancora vincolata ai lidi di provenienza. In assenza dei più rappresentativi masti in muratura, Roberto e Ruggero ricorsero al patronato del sacro anche per contrassegnare lo spartirsi delle conquiste, avvalendosi dei servizi del monachesimo uticense, migrato in Italia meridionale intorno al 1060. Tramite un agire politico volto a selezionate, quanto strategiche sedi episcopali e abbaziali, il tempo ha trasmesso – pure a fronte di un loro diverso stato di conservazione – una mappatura a duplice assetto dei cori: a deambulatorio con triplice cappella radiale nella Lucania appenninica del Guiscardo, a cappelle scalari nella Calabria tirrenica del Gran Conte. Di fatto due distinguibili modelli d’importazione tra separati in casa, che rendevano di proposito “normanni” i luoghi di culto cari agli Altavilla. Il presente contributo appunta l’attenzione sul primo gruppo di edifici, di cui un suggestivo referente è l’interrato capocroce della primaziale normanna di Rouen, datato agli anni Trenta del secolo. Bandita per ora una sua diretta clonazione al centro del Mediterraneo, il caso dimenticato dell’Assunta a Melfi, così come il duomo di Acerenza e la Trinità a Venosa, consigliano ad accontentarsi delle evidenze, ovvero la trasmissione di un modello di coro già codificato, ma la cui fortuna era allora in ribasso in normandia, perdipiù a bella posta semplificato nella messa a norma e scarnificato in ogni componente per strette esigenze di colonizzazione nonché di economicità di cantiere. Pertanto, l’antesignana cattedrale di Melfi per l’archeologia degli alzati, quindi Acerenza dal vivo e Venosa a cielo aperto, furono le incontrastate geniture del Guiscardo rimaste “incompiute”, con Melfi a primizia di un coro replicato con cognizione di causa quasi à l’identique.
Marcatori di domini. L’edilizia sacra a trazione normanna nell’età delle Contee / Pistilli, Pio Francesco. - In: EVOMEDIO. - I:(2024), pp. 185-210.
Marcatori di domini. L’edilizia sacra a trazione normanna nell’età delle Contee
Pio Francesco Pistilli
2024
Abstract
In the second half of the eleventh century, religious euergetism is among the key markers illustrating the influence of the “età delle Contee” in the southern Italian context. This is legitimised by a handful of monuments, led by the cathedral of Melfi (1067-1076), which inevitably recalls the second generation of the Altavilla family, created abroad and still tied to its shores of origin. In the absence of the more representative masonry keeps, Robert and Roger resorted to the patronage of the sacred also to mark the division of conquests, availing themselves of the services of the uticensis monasticism, which migrated to southern Italy around 1060. Through political action aimed at selected yet strategic episcopal and abbey seats, time has rendered a twofold mapping of the choirs, even in the face of their varying state of preservation: an ambulatory with three radial chapels in the Appennine Lucania of the Guiscard and chapelles échelonnées in the Tyrrhenian Calabria of the Great Count. Basically, two distinguishable imported models for two separated at home, which purposely made “norman” the places of worship dear to the Altavillas. The present essay focuses on the first group of buildings, with a suggestive reference in the basement chevet of the norman Primatial in Rouen, dating from the 1030s. While rejecting for the time being its direct cloning at the centre of the Mediterranean, the forgotten cases of the Assunta Cathedral of Melfi, the Cathedral of Acerenza and the Trinità at Venosa remind us to settle for the available evidence. This includes the transmission of an already codified choir model that was in decline in Normandy, purposefully simplified and stripped down in every component to meet the strict requirements of colonisation and cost-effectiveness at the construction site. Therefore, the precursor cathedral of Melfi for the archaeology of the elevations, followed by Acerenza live and Venosa open-air, were the undisputed creations of the Guiscard that remained “unfinished”, with Melfi as the forerunner of a choir replicated with informed knowledge almost à l’identique.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.