Green intellectual capital disclosure, CEO gender and corporate performance: an analysis of Italian listed companies

Purpose – Considering the relevance of “green” as well as of “intellectual capital” in the current economy, scholars and practitioners are increasingly interested into the so-called Green Intellectual Capital (GIC). Against this backdrop, as the research is at an early stage with still no clear evidence, this article intends to investigate the relationship between GIC disclosure and firm’s performance, also analyzing the moderation role of CEO gender. Design/methodology/approach – Taking into account the theoretical background, the quali-quantitative analysis focuses on a sample of Italian listed companies during the period 2020–2022. To check the relationships, a content analysis has been conducted to measure the level of GIC disclosed and then generalized least squares, ordinary least squares and lasso regression have been employed to test the hypotheses. Findings – Results show that GIC disclosure produces a negative relationship with financial performance. In the meantime, findings point out that a female CEO moderates this relationship, boosting financial outcomes. Research limitations/implications – The study offers actionable managerial implications thanks to the proposed set of items to monitoring GIC. At the same time, it underlines how leadership styles can contribute to leverage green knowledge. Moreover, it seeks to contribute to the current literature and offers intriguing insights for policymakers. Originality/value – This paper addresses the still unclear relationship between GICD and performance, providing new cues regarding the role of women in CEO positions. Furthermore, in doing so, it focuses on Italian listed companies, a context still uncharted. Finally, the methodology represents a novelty in approaching these topics.