From the earliest examples designed by Pacello da Mercogliano for the French court, aviaries, have provided a novel platform for experimentation within the culture of Western architecture since the early sixteenth century. As Natsumi Nonaka observes, this architectural typology proved particularly fruitful for the development of ogival roofs—an element distinctly new and imbued with an oriental character. This architectural innovation traversed a long journey from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean to France, coinciding with the historical context of the alliance between Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent. While Italian and French architects were incorporating this element to formulate a typology of buildings that evoked strong references to the Eastern world, their Ottoman counterparts engaged in a parallel process of assimilating Baroque forms, notably through birdhouses. The extent to which these birdhouses reflect Western architectural and artistic influences has yet to be the subject of systematic scholarly investigation. This study seeks to analyze how eighteenth-century birdhouses in Istanbul exemplify the peculiar Ottoman cultural synthesis, highlighting their ties to the Western architectural traditions. Beyond architecture, connections with sculpture and furniture design are also explored, investigating the adoption and reinterpretation of specific stylistic features of Italian and French origin. Starting from the birdhouses, these novelties were subsequently incorporated into broader, human-scale architectural works. Among these features are the undulation of walls, the use of architectural orders on façades, and the revival of ogival roofs within Ottoman architectural culture, reimagined through the lens of the avian microstructures. By examining these elements, this study sheds light on the intricate cross-cultural exchanges that shaped architectural and artistic practices across the Mediterranean basin during the early modern period.
Dai primi esempi realizzati da Pacello da Mercogliano per la corte francese, le uccelliere offrirono fin dall’inizio del Cinquecento un nuovo terreno di sperimentazione per la cultura architettonica occidentale. Natsumi Nonaka osserva come questa tipologia si sia mostrata proficua in particolar modo per le coperture ad arco inflesso. Questo elemento, indubbiamente nuovo e di sapore orientale, fece un lungo viaggio dalle sponde orientali del Mediterraneo verso la Francia, in un momento storico determinato dal clima di “empia alleanza” tra Francesco I e Solimano il Magnifico. Se da una parte gli architetti italiani e francesi stavano formulando con questo nuovo elemento una tipologia di edifici con forti richiami al mondo orientale, le loro controparti ottomane facevano un’operazione analoga di importazione di alcune forme barocche attraverso le uccelliere. In che misura queste uccelliere si rapportino con la cultura architettonica-artistica occidentale non è mai stato oggetto di riflessioni sistematiche. Il presente studio, specchiando le osservazioni di Nonaka, si pone l’obiettivo di analizzare come le uccelliere settecentesche di Istanbul rivelino alcune caratteristiche della particolare sintesi culturale ottomana, individuandone gli apporti occidentali. Tale analisi, oltre all’architettura, indaga i rapporti con la scultura e con i mobili occidentali. Viene analizzata la messa in atto di alcuni stilemi dell’architettura italiana e francese nelle uccelliere ottomane e come questi vennero successivamente trasferiti in architettura vera e propria. Tra questi, si sottolineano l’ondulazione della parete e l’utilizzo dell’ordine architettonico in facciata. Inoltre, viene indagato il ritorno della copertura ad arco inflesso nella cultura architettonica ottomana sotto la veste delle nuove uccelliere, facendo luce su alcuni aspetti dei complessi scambi interculturali attorno al bacino mediterraneo.
Les maisons d’oiseaux ottomanes comme canal d’échanges interculturels entre l’Est et l’Ouest de la Méditerranée au XVIIIe siècle / Metin, Alper. - (2024), pp. 172-193. (Intervento presentato al convegno Encager le ciel : approches artistiques, historiques et anthropologiques des volières tenutosi a Rome; Italy).
Les maisons d’oiseaux ottomanes comme canal d’échanges interculturels entre l’Est et l’Ouest de la Méditerranée au XVIIIe siècle
Alper Metin
Primo
2024
Abstract
From the earliest examples designed by Pacello da Mercogliano for the French court, aviaries, have provided a novel platform for experimentation within the culture of Western architecture since the early sixteenth century. As Natsumi Nonaka observes, this architectural typology proved particularly fruitful for the development of ogival roofs—an element distinctly new and imbued with an oriental character. This architectural innovation traversed a long journey from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean to France, coinciding with the historical context of the alliance between Francis I and Suleiman the Magnificent. While Italian and French architects were incorporating this element to formulate a typology of buildings that evoked strong references to the Eastern world, their Ottoman counterparts engaged in a parallel process of assimilating Baroque forms, notably through birdhouses. The extent to which these birdhouses reflect Western architectural and artistic influences has yet to be the subject of systematic scholarly investigation. This study seeks to analyze how eighteenth-century birdhouses in Istanbul exemplify the peculiar Ottoman cultural synthesis, highlighting their ties to the Western architectural traditions. Beyond architecture, connections with sculpture and furniture design are also explored, investigating the adoption and reinterpretation of specific stylistic features of Italian and French origin. Starting from the birdhouses, these novelties were subsequently incorporated into broader, human-scale architectural works. Among these features are the undulation of walls, the use of architectural orders on façades, and the revival of ogival roofs within Ottoman architectural culture, reimagined through the lens of the avian microstructures. By examining these elements, this study sheds light on the intricate cross-cultural exchanges that shaped architectural and artistic practices across the Mediterranean basin during the early modern period.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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