Electrostatic hazards in power systems

Static electricity poses significant hazards in industrial and daily settings due to the potential for igniting flammable atmospheres, causing electric shocks, and damaging electronic devices. This paper examines the generation and accumulation mechanisms of static charge, including contact/separation of solids and liquid flow. It discusses hazards associated with static discharge in explosive atmospheres and provides a practical criterion based on the minimum ignition energy for determining maximum acceptable resistance-to-ground values. Effective mitigation strategies are presented, such as grounding and bonding of conductive parts, use of static dissipative floors (resistance <100 MΩ), and footwear (resistance <100 MΩ or lower). A holistic approach combining these measures with proper area classification and personnel training is emphasized for safe operations in hazardous industrial environments involving flammable substances. Calculations and examples illustrate the principles and highlight the importance of controlling static electricity accumulation.