Equipotential bonding of photovoltaic systems

The modules of photovoltaic systems (PV), whether land-mounted or installed on building roofs, are secured by racks and mounting structures. These components are usually constructed from metal, prompting the question of whether electrical bonding for equipotential reasons is necessary. Solar trackers may be employed in photovoltaic systems, equipped with servo motors that orient the payload toward the sun to maximize energy production. The servo may fail and energize the mounting structures. This paper advocates for bonding decisions to be based on the specific characteristics of the PV system and to be made on a case-by-case basis. The paper discusses the distinctions between Class I and Class II PV equipment, highlighting the implications for grounding and bonding based on the type of insulation employed. Through a detailed exploration of the underlying principles, design considerations, and industry standards, this paper endeavors to equip readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to make informed grounding decisions for their specific PV installations. It aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts toward safer, more efficient, and sustainable energy generation by addressing these critical aspects of PV systems design.