Multirisks and multiresilience planning

The term resilience is used in many disciplines due to its adaptability to the theories of complexity, including economics, ecology, political science, cognitive science, new technologies, and land use planning. Consequently, Zolli and Healey's [1] definition of resilience as "the ability of a system, company or person to maintain its fundamental purpose and integrity in the face of radically changed circumstances" integrates ecology and sociology and offers an overview of the multidisciplinary nature of the issue. Cities, in fact, are not just uniform landscapes of people distributed randomly, but organized places that produce socio-economic differences; it is therefore not easy to describe a city as resilient in its entirety. The sole reference to the Covid-19 pandemic [2], for example, has led to problems of security, fragility and differences in resilience not only between the affected cities, but also between the areas within them. If to that of the pandemic, questions related to conflicts are added it is possible to comprehend that the adaptation require a more complex typology of resilience capable to involve both the safeguard of cultural heritage and safeness of people. Therefore, aims of this study - carried out in the framework of the PRIN 2020 “SUMMA” research project are to: propose an original method to identify multiple risks present in public spaces, the factors that determine them and their perception from users of the places and project interventions for both adaptation and enhancement of cultural resources of the places; and guide lines for multiresilient planning which take into consideration safeness of people and their cultural heritage.