Multi-institutional study using sbrt to treat mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy

Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy (MHL) is a common pattern of cancer spread, particularly in lung disease. Recently, there has been interest in the use of SBRT for MHL, especially in the oligometastatic setting. The goal is to improve local control (LC) and to achieve shorter treatment durations to minimize systemic treatment interruptions. The primary endpoint of this study was local control (LC). The secondary endpoints were distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) and predictive factors of response. This is a retrospective study. It analyses a group of patients treated with SBRT for MHL with different primary tumours and histologies. From November 2007 to June 2023, we treated 159 MHL in 128 patients. The primary most represented was lung cancer. A single fraction was used in 16% of cases and multiple fractions in 84% of cases. The medium BED 10 was 75.06 Gy (range: 37–120 Gy). Actuarial LC rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 80.0%, 78.8% and 75.2%. The actuarial DMFS rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 43.9%, 34.1% and 14.1%, respectively. Actuarial PFS rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 37.2%, 23.9% and 8.3%, respectively. Actuarial OS rates at 1, 2 and 5 years were 68.8%, 52.7% and 26.9%, respectively. SBRT may be an option for the treatment of MHL. In addition, achieving a complete response is one of the most important predictors of our endpoints, in addition to tumour burden and volume.