The Battle of White Mountain (8th November 1620), epilogue of the first phase of the Thirty Years’ War, is seen in the European collective imagination in one of two ways: as the triumph of Catholic armies over Calvinist rebels by those who won, and as a day of shame by those who lost. The historical significance of this battle, however, lies not in its military aspects but in its immediate consequences (Polišenský): the sack of Prague began only a few hours after the battle, a city that offered no resistance (and in which there were only defenceless civilians left). We still do not understand the full scale of this event. What input, therefore, can diplomatic sources provide to this discussion? This article draws essentially on dispatches from foreign dignitaries accredited to the court of Vienna and, first of all, questions the reasons for the considerable delay with which Emperor Ferdinand II was informed of events. Furthermore, some ambassadors (from England, Genoa, Turin) were quite outspoken in reporting to their respective governments on the violence against civilians that was taking place in Bohemia at the time. The resulting image of White Mountain is thus quite different from the one painted by the Counter-Reformation: it was probably the women of Prague who paid the highest price for this defeat.
La battaglia della Montagna Bianca (8 novembre 1620), epilogo della prima fase della guerra dei Trent’anni, è entrata nell’immaginario europeo: il trionfo delle armi cattoliche contro i ribelli calvinisti, nella visione dei vincitori, il giorno della vergogna, sull’opposto versante. La portata storica di questa battaglia in verità risiede nelle sue immediate conseguenze, non certo nei suoi aspetti militari (Polišenský): poche ore dopo, ebbe appunto inizio il sacco di Praga, città che non oppose alcuna resistenza (in cui erano rimasti pressoché solo civili inermi). Un evento di cui ignoriamo ancora l’effettiva portata. Quale contributo può giungere dalla fonte diplomatica? Questo articolo essenzialmente si fonda sui dispacci dei dignitari stranieri accreditati presso la corte di Vienna e anzitutto s’interroga sulle ragioni del notevole ritardo con cui l’imperatore Ferdinando II ebbe contezza dei fatti. Alcuni ambasciatori, inoltre (Inghilterra, Genova, Torino), furono oltremodo schietti nel riferire ai rispettivi governi in merito alle violenze sui civili che si stavano frattanto verificando in Boemia. Ne deriva un’immagine della Montagna Bianca molto diversa da quella forgiata dalla Controriforma: furono verosimilmente le donne di Praga a pagare il prezzo maggiore di questa disfatta.
La battaglia della Montagna Bianca e il sacco di Praga nei dispacci di alcuni diplomatici alla corte di Vienna (1620-1621) / Ceccarelli, Alessia. - In: CUADERNOS DE HISTORIA MODERNA. - ISSN 0214-4018. - 49:2(2024), pp. 345-368. [10.5209/chmo.96076]
La battaglia della Montagna Bianca e il sacco di Praga nei dispacci di alcuni diplomatici alla corte di Vienna (1620-1621)
Alessia Ceccarelli
2024
Abstract
The Battle of White Mountain (8th November 1620), epilogue of the first phase of the Thirty Years’ War, is seen in the European collective imagination in one of two ways: as the triumph of Catholic armies over Calvinist rebels by those who won, and as a day of shame by those who lost. The historical significance of this battle, however, lies not in its military aspects but in its immediate consequences (Polišenský): the sack of Prague began only a few hours after the battle, a city that offered no resistance (and in which there were only defenceless civilians left). We still do not understand the full scale of this event. What input, therefore, can diplomatic sources provide to this discussion? This article draws essentially on dispatches from foreign dignitaries accredited to the court of Vienna and, first of all, questions the reasons for the considerable delay with which Emperor Ferdinand II was informed of events. Furthermore, some ambassadors (from England, Genoa, Turin) were quite outspoken in reporting to their respective governments on the violence against civilians that was taking place in Bohemia at the time. The resulting image of White Mountain is thus quite different from the one painted by the Counter-Reformation: it was probably the women of Prague who paid the highest price for this defeat.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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