Summary. Introduction. Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs (ATC code “L”) exemplify how the advancement of therapies is often accompanied by increasing costs. This work offers a retrospective analysis of the Italian consumption and spending over the last ten years, including a focus on the therapeutic subgroup of monoclonal antibodies. Materials and methods. The work involved comparing and analyzing OsMED data from the past ten years, along with regulatory acts related to new therapeutic indications for antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs introduced in the last decade. Monitored monoclonal antibodies were selected, based on their frequency of appearance in OsMED tables on drugs with the highest expenditure for public health structures and their corresponding contribution to the total costs of antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs. Results. The analysis of OsMED data concerning public health structures reveals a conspicuous increase in pharmaceutical expenditure for antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs (+108,6%) during the decade 2012-2022, accompanied by an increase in consumption (+38,5%). The primary driver of rising costs is the increase in spending observed in public facilities compared to contracted spending. Regarding single monoclonal antibodies, two clusters were identified: one comprising trastuzumab, rituximab, bevacizumab and infliximab and the other comprising pembrolizumab, nivolumab, daratumumab and eculizumab. The downward trend observed for the first cluster can be attributed to the introduction of biosimilars for these drugs. Conversely, the upward trend of the second cluster is primarily due to the parallel increase in their consumption resulting from expanded therapeutic indications. Conclusions. Antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs currently represent, in Italy, the highest-spending ATC group, accounting for the national pharmaceutical expenditure with a weight on the national spending that has more than doubled since 2012 together with a modest increase in consumption. The introduction on the market of biosimilars significantly reduced pharmaceutical expenditure for monoclonal antibodies of the ATC group “L”; for oncological and immunomodulatory drugs, short-term sustainability has been ensured by the recognition of full innovation for several indications.
Riassunto. Introduzione. I farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori (codice ATC “L”) rappresentano il più evidente esempio di come l’evoluzione delle terapie sia accompagnata da crescenti costi. L’obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di condurre un’analisi retrospettiva del consumo e della spesa nazionale per i farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori negli ultimi dieci anni, con un focus sul sottogruppo terapeutico degli anticorpi monoclonali a maggior spesa. Materiali e metodi. Il lavoro è stato condotto confrontando ed elaborando i dati OsMED degli ultimi dieci anni e gli atti normativi inerenti alle nuove indicazioni terapeutiche dei farmaci oncologici introdotte nell’ultima decade in Italia. Gli anticorpi monoclonali oggetto di monitoraggio sono stati selezionati in base alla frequenza di comparsa nelle tabelle dei principi attivi a maggior spesa per le strutture pubbliche e del corrispettivo impatto sulla spesa globale dei farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori. Risultati. L’analisi dei dati OsMED relativi alle strutture pubbliche mostra un aumento significativo della spesa farmaceutica per i farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori tra il 2012 e il 2022 (+108,6%), accompagnato da un corrispettivo incremento dei consumi (+38,5%). Tale aumento si deve essenzialmente alla crescita di spesa osservata per le strutture pubbliche sulla convenzionata. Relativamente ai singoli principi attivi, sono stati identificati due cluster: trastuzumab, rituximab, bevacizumab e infliximab nel primo cluster e pembrolizumab, nivolumab ed eculizumab nel secondo cluster. Il trend in diminuzione del primo cluster è principalmente giustificato dall’immissione in commercio di biosimilari dei principi attivi in questione, mentre quello in aumento del secondo cluster è essenzialmente attribuibile a un parallelo aumento dei consumi riconducibile all’aumento delle indicazioni terapeutiche/riconoscimento di innovatività piena che questi farmaci hanno osservato negli ultimi anni. Conclusioni. I farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori rappresentano, oggi, il gruppo ATC a maggior spesa, con un peso più che raddoppiato rispetto al 2012; tale aumento di spesa si è accompagnato a un modesto aumento dei consumi. L’introduzione dei biosimilari ha permesso di ridurre sensibilmente la spesa farmaceutica per gli anticorpi monoclonali del gruppo ATC “L”; per gli oncologici e immunomodulatori con brevetto non ancora scaduto, la sostenibilità a breve termine è stata invece garantita dal riconoscimento dell’innovatività piena per diverse indicazioni.
Analisi retrospettiva dei dati di spesa e consumo dei farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori degli ultimi dieci anni in Italia / Martellone, Lorenzo; Tringali, Giuseppe; Navarra, Pierluigi. - In: GIORNALE ITALIANO DI FARMACIA CLINICA. - ISSN 1120-3749. - 38:(2-3)(2024), pp. 66-74. [10.1721/4349.43358]
Analisi retrospettiva dei dati di spesa e consumo dei farmaci oncologici e immunomodulatori degli ultimi dieci anni in Italia
Lorenzo Martellone
Primo
Formal Analysis
;
2024
Abstract
Summary. Introduction. Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs (ATC code “L”) exemplify how the advancement of therapies is often accompanied by increasing costs. This work offers a retrospective analysis of the Italian consumption and spending over the last ten years, including a focus on the therapeutic subgroup of monoclonal antibodies. Materials and methods. The work involved comparing and analyzing OsMED data from the past ten years, along with regulatory acts related to new therapeutic indications for antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs introduced in the last decade. Monitored monoclonal antibodies were selected, based on their frequency of appearance in OsMED tables on drugs with the highest expenditure for public health structures and their corresponding contribution to the total costs of antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs. Results. The analysis of OsMED data concerning public health structures reveals a conspicuous increase in pharmaceutical expenditure for antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs (+108,6%) during the decade 2012-2022, accompanied by an increase in consumption (+38,5%). The primary driver of rising costs is the increase in spending observed in public facilities compared to contracted spending. Regarding single monoclonal antibodies, two clusters were identified: one comprising trastuzumab, rituximab, bevacizumab and infliximab and the other comprising pembrolizumab, nivolumab, daratumumab and eculizumab. The downward trend observed for the first cluster can be attributed to the introduction of biosimilars for these drugs. Conversely, the upward trend of the second cluster is primarily due to the parallel increase in their consumption resulting from expanded therapeutic indications. Conclusions. Antineoplastic and immunomodulating drugs currently represent, in Italy, the highest-spending ATC group, accounting for the national pharmaceutical expenditure with a weight on the national spending that has more than doubled since 2012 together with a modest increase in consumption. The introduction on the market of biosimilars significantly reduced pharmaceutical expenditure for monoclonal antibodies of the ATC group “L”; for oncological and immunomodulatory drugs, short-term sustainability has been ensured by the recognition of full innovation for several indications.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.