Transcriptional profiling of human brain cortex identifies novel lncRNA-mediated networks dysregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease for which a comprehensive knowledge about the pathological mechanisms is still lacking. A multitude of dysregulated cellular processes and pathways have been linked to ALS so far, including the recent focus directed toward the implication of several classes of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Within this context, the class of long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), may provide an important contribution to the onset and the severity of ALS pathogenesis, due to their high tissue specificity and their function as gene expression regulators. Nevertheless, their identification in humans often relies on differential expression analyses from bulk RNA-seq, which limits their targeting in the cellular contexts where they may be primarily involved. Here we apply dedicated pipelines to single-nucleus nuclei datasets to study lncRNA from non-pathological and pre-frontal ALS human cortex. We found that in brain, distinct cell subtypes express very different pattern of lncRNAs to suggest possible roles in cellular processes found dysregulated in ALS patients. Moreover, we show the lncRNA involvement in important gene regulatory networks that result differentially regulated in pathological conditions and dissect the genomic organization of differentially expressed lncRNAs.