Il “doppio esilio” nella letteratura afgana d’Iran: il caso di Moḥammad Ḥoseyn Moḥammadi

Since 1979, decades-long wars and insecurity in Afghanistan have caused the emigration of millions of people, mainly to neighboring Iran, one of the countries in the world hosting the largest number of Afghan refugees. Within the Afghan community in Iran, there has emerged a tendency for some of its members to devote themselves to writing as the only form of relief from the hardship of exile, as well as one of the few legal means of expression. This article focuses on researching the historical and social causes of the “identity crisis” experienced by Afghan migrants in Iran. It will also investigate the ways and forms in which their condition of “double exile” – both from their country of origin and the host country – take shape in contemporary Afghan literature published in Iran through the analysis of literary heterolingualism in two short story collection by Moḥammad Ḥoseyn Moḥammadi, whose figure as a successful former Afghan refugee writer and intellectual in Iran will be presented.