Overcoming Sexist Gendered Language: Heteronormativity and Comfort with schwa-ending strategy in Italy

Introduction One proposal for an Italian genderless language involves using non-gender-specific endings, such as the schwa (“ə”), to inclusively refer to all gender identities. This study examines the relationships between heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, trans* knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, and comfort with schwa. Methods Data was collected in 2023 from 649 individuals via a cross-sectional survey. Participants completed measures assessing heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, trans* knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs, and comfort with schwa. Bivariate correlations and mediation analyses were conducted to explore direct and indirect relationships among these variables. Results Higher levels of heteronormative attitudes and beliefs were significantly associated with lower comfort with genderless language. Conversely, positive trans* knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs correlated with greater comfort using schwa. Mediation analysis revealed that heteronormative attitudes and beliefs indirectly influenced comfort with schwa through three dimensions of trans* knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs: Acceptance of the gender spectrum, social tolerance, and comfort and contact with trans* individuals. Conclusions The findings highlight the crucial role of psychosocial factors in shaping attitudes toward genderless language. Policy Implications These results underscore the need for policies that integrate educational programs to enhance understanding of gender identities and encourage the use of genderless language in public and private sectors. Addressing these psychosocial factors can lead to more equitable linguistic practices.