Earth-3D Printing for Non-Structural Elements of Modular Steel Buildings: Proposal for an Innovative and Sustainable Construction System

In recent years, the use of modular buildings is increasing more and more because of these systems are characterized by rapid installation, whether the module arrives on-site already assembled or it is being assembled on-site itself. These systems can include hybrid solutions, where the module is assembled on-site including also elements obtained by means of innovative technologies, such as 3D printing involving sustainable materials such as earth. This study focuses on a comparison of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) between a traditional non-structural wall and an innovative 3D printed one using earth-based material. Also, out-of-plane wall resistance is discussed for different seismic actions, considering the Italian seismic hazard map.