This article aims to study the Florentine diplomatic response to the Ottoman advance at the time of Cosimo de’ Medici, analyzing both published and unpub- lished sources and providing the edition of a letter from the Signoria of Florence to Mehmed II. The starting point is 1453, when the conquest of Constantinople questioned the traditional commercial privileges established in previous centuries, providing an op- portunity for other powers, including Florence, to position themselves as commercial partners with the new rulers. However, it wasn’t possible to approach the Ottoman Turks directly, as the Papacy was planning a crusade against their advance, and the Florentine republic was expected to participate. Therefore, Florentine contacts with the Porta were structured in an unconventional manner, through limited official written diplomacy and predominantly through oral communication, involving unofficial ambassadors and the consul of the community of Pera. Additionally, the community engaged with the Sultan for their own issues, often separated from those of the homeland. The death of Cosimo de’ Medici in 1464 coincided with that of the Pope who had been most active in organizing the crusade, Pius II. From that moment, diplomatic contacts with Constantinople became more direct, eventually reaching the highest point in the Laurentian age.
L’articolo propone uno studio delle pratiche diplomatiche fiorentine con i Turchi al tempo di Cosimo de’ Medici, mediante l’analisi di fonti edite e inedite, tra cui una lettera della Signoria di Firenze a Maometto II, pubblicata in appendice. Si è scelto come punto d’inizio della trattazione il 1453, quando la conquista di Costantinopoli mise in discussione i secolari privilegi commerciali nell’area detenuti da Veneziani e Genovesi, dando l’opportunità ad altre potenze, tra cui Firenze, di diventare partners dei nuovi dominatori. Tuttavia, interagire direttamente con il Turco si presentava rischioso, considerata la contemporanea pianificazione papale di una crociata, alla quale le potenze cristiane non potevano sottrarsi. La diplomazia di Firenze con la Porta assunse, dunque, tratti poco convenzionali, procedendo attraverso contatti scritti ma, soprattutto, una comunicazione orale che si avvaleva di ambasciatori non ufficiali e, in particolare, del console della comunità fiorentina di Pera. Inoltre, anche la stessa comunità entrava in contatto col sultano per le proprie ragioni di frontiera, spesso divergenti da quelle della madrepatria, creando, in alcuni momenti, una discrepan- za di interessi tra Fiorentini. La morte di Cosimo de’ Medici nel 1464 coincise con quella del papa che alla crociata aveva dedicato più sforzi, Pio II. Da quel momento in avanti, i contatti diplomatici con Costantinopoli sarebbero diventati più diretti e fitti, toccando il culmine in età laurenziana.
La diplomazia fiorentina di fronte al Turco al tempo di Cosimo de’ Medici / Aquino, ANDREA RAFFAELE. - In: NUOVA RIVISTA STORICA. - ISSN 0029-6236. - 108:III(2024), pp. 1011-1032.
La diplomazia fiorentina di fronte al Turco al tempo di Cosimo de’ Medici
Andrea Raffaele Aquino
2024
Abstract
This article aims to study the Florentine diplomatic response to the Ottoman advance at the time of Cosimo de’ Medici, analyzing both published and unpub- lished sources and providing the edition of a letter from the Signoria of Florence to Mehmed II. The starting point is 1453, when the conquest of Constantinople questioned the traditional commercial privileges established in previous centuries, providing an op- portunity for other powers, including Florence, to position themselves as commercial partners with the new rulers. However, it wasn’t possible to approach the Ottoman Turks directly, as the Papacy was planning a crusade against their advance, and the Florentine republic was expected to participate. Therefore, Florentine contacts with the Porta were structured in an unconventional manner, through limited official written diplomacy and predominantly through oral communication, involving unofficial ambassadors and the consul of the community of Pera. Additionally, the community engaged with the Sultan for their own issues, often separated from those of the homeland. The death of Cosimo de’ Medici in 1464 coincided with that of the Pope who had been most active in organizing the crusade, Pius II. From that moment, diplomatic contacts with Constantinople became more direct, eventually reaching the highest point in the Laurentian age.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.