Advancing Occupational Safety and Health training: a Safety-II integration of the ADDIE model for virtual reality

This paper examines the enhancement of occupational safety and health (OSH) training in manufacturing through the integration of Safety-II prin-ciples within a Virtual Reality (VR) training framework, applying the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Amidst the digital transformation in manufacturing, innovative training methods such as VR have become instrumental in improving operational safety and efficiency. However, the incorporation of Safety-II, a philosophy emphasizing the complex-ity of organizational systems and the need for resilience, has not been systemati-cally applied to VR training designs. Through a series of focus group sessions, this study presents a new method for creating VR training materials. Designed to foster systemic thinking, resilience, proactivity, learning, flexibility, and leverage human performance variability, these courses are in line with Safety-II's transi-tion from merely preventing negative outcomes to understanding and increasing positive capacities. The results lead to a newintegration of the ADDIE model within a Safety-II framework for VR-based OSH training, enhanced by Skill-Rules-Knowledge (SRK) specific guiding principles.