Cytokines function as communication tools of the immune system, serving critical functions in many biological responses and shaping the immune response. When cytokine production or their biological activity goes awry, the homeostatic balance of the immune response is altered, leading to the development of several pathologies such as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Cytokines bind to specific receptors on cells, triggering the activation of intracellular enzymes known as Janus kinases (JAKs). The JAK family comprises four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and tyrosine kinase 2, which are critical for intracellular cytokine signalling. Since the mid-2010s multiple JAK inhibitors have been approved for inflammatory and haematological indications. Currently, approved JAK inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy; however, improved selectivity for specific JAKs is likely to enhance safety profiles, and different strategies have been used to accomplish enhanced JAK selectivity. In this update, we discuss the background of JAK inhibitors, current approved indications and adverse effects, along with new developments in this field. We address the issue of JAK selectivity and its relevance in terms of efficacy, and describe new modalities of JAK targeting, as well as new aspects of JAK inhibitor action.

JAK inhibitor selectivity. new opportunities, better drugs / Virtanen, A; Spinelli, Fr; Telliez, Jb; O'Shea, Jj; Silvennoinen, O; Gadina, M.. - In: NATURE REVIEWS. RHEUMATOLOGY. - ISSN 1759-4790. - 20:10(2024), pp. 649-665. [10.1038/s41584-024-01153-1]

JAK inhibitor selectivity. new opportunities, better drugs

Spinelli FR
Secondo
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
;
2024

Abstract

Cytokines function as communication tools of the immune system, serving critical functions in many biological responses and shaping the immune response. When cytokine production or their biological activity goes awry, the homeostatic balance of the immune response is altered, leading to the development of several pathologies such as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Cytokines bind to specific receptors on cells, triggering the activation of intracellular enzymes known as Janus kinases (JAKs). The JAK family comprises four members, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and tyrosine kinase 2, which are critical for intracellular cytokine signalling. Since the mid-2010s multiple JAK inhibitors have been approved for inflammatory and haematological indications. Currently, approved JAK inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy; however, improved selectivity for specific JAKs is likely to enhance safety profiles, and different strategies have been used to accomplish enhanced JAK selectivity. In this update, we discuss the background of JAK inhibitors, current approved indications and adverse effects, along with new developments in this field. We address the issue of JAK selectivity and its relevance in terms of efficacy, and describe new modalities of JAK targeting, as well as new aspects of JAK inhibitor action.
2024
JAK inhibitors; JAK selectivity; safety
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01g Articolo di rassegna (Review)
JAK inhibitor selectivity. new opportunities, better drugs / Virtanen, A; Spinelli, Fr; Telliez, Jb; O'Shea, Jj; Silvennoinen, O; Gadina, M.. - In: NATURE REVIEWS. RHEUMATOLOGY. - ISSN 1759-4790. - 20:10(2024), pp. 649-665. [10.1038/s41584-024-01153-1]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1723778
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