Dalle «condizioni ambientali» ai «paesaggi della vita quotidiana». Il ruolo della Carta di Venezia nella storia della tutela del patrimonio paesaggistico in Italia

The paper aims to propose a reflection on the barycentric role of the Venice Charter in the path that has affected the protection of landscape heritage in Italy. It is a triple recognition: of the landscape itself, that is, what these land-scapes are, of the landscape as heritage and of the landscape as object of protection. The premises of this path are in l. 1497/39, which based recognition on purely aesthetic values. However, at present, the 2018 National Landscape Charter identifies landscape first and foremost as heritage, containing historical stratifications in which the values of people of the past and present coexist. So, recognition occurs through historical and identity values. Thus, the Ven-ice Charter is barycentric because it marks that shift that will lead to the study of all forms of document as monu-ments of past societies and no longer just the monument as a document. The paper will consider Italian and Europe-an landscape charters and legislation to outline the context in which it was written and subsequent outcomes, up to the current state.