Opuntia species. A comprehensive review of chemical composition and bio-pharmacological potential with contemporary applications

The aim of this review is to show the diverse applications and the phytochemical and pharmacological find-ingsin connection with prickly pear plants of the Cactaceae family. Opuntia species, which are widely distributed in Africa, Asia, Australia and America and also play an important role in Mexico, have considerable health-promoting potential. Various parts of the plant, including cladodes, seeds, flowers, peels and fruits, contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. Opuntia is rich in phenolic antioxidants and pigments such as betalains and exhibits significant antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review aims to provide scientific evidence for the chemical composition and beneficial properties of Opuntia sp. and to promote further research in to their pharmacological and therapeutic effects. In addition, Opuntia sp. offer promising opportunities for various applications in both food and non-food sectors.