Da guerriero a eroe: Indagine lessicografica e semantiva sui termini ur-saĝ e qarrādu

The article addresses terms that pertain to the semantic sphere of the warrior and are com-monly translated by modern scholars as “hero”. The study concentrates on the Sumerian term ur-saĝ and its Akkadian equivalents derived from the root *qrd, with a primary focus on qarrādu / qurādu. It assesses the etymology, use context, and semantic sphere of these terms. The discussion is expanded to encompass the associations between ur-saĝ / qarrādu and other Sumerian and Akkadian words found in lexical lists and bilingual texts. Specifically, it analyses the Akkadian synonyms in Malku and similar lists as well as the Sumerian and Akka-dian terms with which qarrādu is often associated: gud/gu4-ud/ šahāṭu “to jump” and raqādu “to jump, to dance”, gu3-mur-ak/ ragāmu “to scream”, an-gar3 / gar3-an. The conclusion delineates the broader semantic field of the terms ur-saĝ / qarrādu and the related domains suggested by the associations with the other terms investigated: war, hair and animality, leadership, dance (the battle as “dance of Inanna/Ištar”), and (battle) cry.