On-chip micro-incubator for studying cell cultures in space

This paper presents the design and manufacturing of initial lab-on-chip micro-incubator prototypes within the ALCYONE project, to study different types of cells culture in space. ALCYONE is a project funded by the EU under the Horizon Europe program, jointly developed by the School of Aerospace Engineering of Sapienza University of Rome (SIA), Bologna University, Kayser Italia Srl, Tor Vergata University, Twente University, and the Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie. Envisioned as a key component for understanding the effects of prolonged space exposure on biological systems, the project focuses on creating an on-chip micro-incubator featuring integrated thin-film sensors and actuators to study the effect of space radiation environment on four different types of cell cultures. Genetically modified cells designed to express bioluminescence under given metabolic conditions enable real-time monitoring of cells status. This is achieved through specifically designed photosensors able to collect the emitted light, while on-chip actuators maintain a controlled environment within the chip incubator for precise experimentation and providing the required nutrients. The electronic system integrated into the platform characterizes the radiation environment, correlating biological responses with radiation exposure. This technology, with attributes such as low power consumption, compactness, high data efficiency, and full automation, aligns perfectly with CubeSat missions, culminating in the design of a comprehensive payload. This paper presents a pivotal aspect of the ALCYONE project, focusing on the design and manufacturing processes involved in creating the first micro-incubator prototypes. Different geometries and configurations have been evaluated and a first bench of incubator has been produced to make the first chemical experiments to define the protocol with engineered cell cultures. In addition, the design and manufacturing of the on-chip sensors is described. The ALCYONE project addresses the broader context of space research, considering the growing need for experiments beyond low Earth orbit (LEO). Emphasizing autonomy and miniaturization, the platform's versatility extends its utility to various space missions, ranging from CubeSats to robotic and manned exploration endeavors.