The relationship between caregiver contribution to self-care and patient quality of life in heart failure: A longitudinal mediation analysis

Background Patients with heart failure may experience poor quality of life due to a variety of physical and psychological symptoms. Quality of life can improve if patients adhere to consistent self-care behaviors. Patient outcomes (i.e., quality of life) are thought to improve as a result of caregiver contribution to self-care. However, uncertainty exists on whether these outcomes improve as a direct result of caregiver contribution to self-care or whether this improvement occurs indirectly through the improvement of patient heart failure self-care behaviors. Aims To investigate the influence of caregiver contribution to self-care on quality of life of heart failure people and explore whether patient self-care behaviors mediate such a relationship. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the MOTIVATE-HF randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02894502). Data were collected at baseline and 3 months. An autoregressive longitudinal path analysis model was conducted to test our hypotheses. Results We enrolled a sample of 510 caregivers [mean age = 54 (+/- 15.44), 24% males)] and 510 patients [mean age = 72.4 (+/- 12.28), 58% males)]. Patient self-care had a significant and direct effect on quality of life at three months (beta = 0.20, p < .01). Caregiver contribution to self-care showed a significant direct effect on patient self-care (beta = 0.32, p < .01), and an indirect effect on patient quality of life through the mediation of patient self-care (beta = 0.07, p < .001). Conclusion Patient quality of life is influenced by self-care both directly and indirectly, through the mediation of caregiver contribution to self-care. These findings improve our understanding on how caregiver contribution to self-care improves patient outcomes.