Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and a-MMP-8 in sites with healthy conditions and with periodontal and peri-implant diseases: A case-control study

Background. This study evaluated the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and active metalloproteinase-8 (a-MMP-8) in sites with healthy conditions vs. sites affected by periodontitis (PER) and peri-implantitis (PIM). Methods. Periodontally healthy (PH) sites with PER, sites with peri-implant health (PIH), and sites with PIM were investigated intra-individually, according to the inclusion criteria of each group. Probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index, gingival index, and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BoP) were evaluated. In GCF and PICF samples, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified by ELISA Duoset® kit in combination with Ultramark® micro-ELISA digital reader; a-MMP8 concentration was analyzed by a chairside test (Perio/ImplantSafe®) in combination with a digital reader (ORALyzer®). Results. The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1β, TNF-α, and a-MMP-8 were significantly higher in the PIM and PER sites compared to healthy sites (P < 0.05). Significantly higher concentrations of IL-1β and a-MMP-8 were found in PIM vs. PER sites (P < 0.05), while the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α did not differ between the PIM and PER groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion. aMMP-8, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α presented higher GCF/PICF concentrations in diseased periodontal and peri-implant sites. However, only the concentrations of IL-1β and a-MMP-8 were significantly higher in PIM than in PER sites.