Un'analisi critica sull’efficacia degli strumenti pubblici a sostegno dell’innovazione

The successful innovation aimed to increase the potentialities of development of the enterprise is a remarkable theme both in the studies of management, and in the economic policy ones. In the present work we will analyse the effectiveness and efficiency of the public interventions supporting the Research and Innovation in Italy, in a perspective that considers innovation not only as an intrin-sic scientific process, but also as a phenomenon which has got an im-pact on the value perceived by the customer and, as a consequence, on the income profile of the enterprise. Particularly, the following analysis starts from the correlation be-tween the R&S and the innovation of the activities of the value chain of the enterprise, putting in evidence the passage from reductive mod-els to the innovation at more systemic models. This reveals the con-solidation, in the most innovative realities and in the cases of excel-lence (for instance we point out the so-called blue ocean successful strategies), of strategies not focused on the relationship between R&S and innovation, but on the capability to proportion the forcing to the innovation in comparison with those exogenous ones of the enterprise system and over-systems that have got an impact on it, so that we can aim to the innovation rather than imitation; to the synergies rather than competitive conflicts. Then, it was underlined how the financial bond to innovation still represents one of the greatest obstacles to the investment in research in Italy. Therefore, using the approach to the dynamic capabilities, knowledge has been set into the centre of the strategic process to out-line the complexity that characterizes, from a hand, the investments in research and development and, from the other hand, their financial support. From this, a general picture emerges where the Italian enterprises tend to develop increasing innovations aims to extend the phase of maturity of the lifetime cycle of the product /process, after all develop-ing a role, on the international Market, of imitators more than innova-tors. Such difficulties are further whetted by the persistence of a pub-lic model of intervention that is still too focused on aid logics. These trends show a marked difference among the competitive dynamics in progress in the economy of the most innovative and virtuous (Japan and Anglo-Saxon countries) knowledge and generally the Italian and European system, both concerning the mechanisms of public interven-tion supporting innovation, and in relationship with the prevailing models of enterprise. In fact, from the analysis made, through various institutional in-formative sources, three constants emerge: 1) prevailing a model of innovation without research; 2) asserting itself a competition based more on imitation than innovation; 3) the necessity to overcome the reductive model of innovation, landing to more and more systemic models, where the three phases of the research (manufacturing, pre-competitive and basic model) integrate themselves exalting the role of the basic research in feeding the basic knowledges and, therefore, the competitive innovation of the enterprises.