Combined delivery of miR-15/16 through humanized ferritin nanocages for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a widespread type of leukemia that predominantly targets B lymphocytes, undermining the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. In healthy B cells, miR-15/16, a tandem of microRNAs, functions as a tumor suppressor, curbing the expression of the antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2). Conversely, in CLL patients, a recurring deletion on chromosome 13q14, home to the miR15-a and miR16-1 genes, results in Bcl-2 overexpression, thereby fostering the onset of the pathology. In the present research, a novel approach utilizing humanized ferritin-based nanoparticles was employed to successfully deliver miR15-a and miR- 16-1 into MEG01 cells, a model characterized by the classic CLL deletion and overexpression of the human ferritin receptor (TfR1). The loaded miR15-a and miR16-1, housed within modified HumAfFt, were efficiently internalized via the MEG01 cells and properly directed into the cytoplasm. Impressively, the concurrent application of miR15-a and miR16-1 demonstrated a robust capacity to induce apoptosis through the reduction in Bcl-2 expression levels. This technology, employing RNA-loaded ferritin nanoparticles, hints at promising directions in the battle against CLL, bridging the substantial gap left by traditional transfection agents and indicating a pathway that may offer hope for more effective treatments.