A comprehensive study on chemical and biological profiles of Algerian Azadirachta indica (A. Juss)

The study aimed to analyse the chemical and biological composition of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (A. indica) leaves. Minerals were quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Phenolic compounds and water-soluble vitamins were identified via LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS cation radicals and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), while anticholinesterase effect was tested against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results revealed significant levels of major elements (e.g., Zn, Cu) making it a promising source. Predominant phenolic acids included tannic and salicylic acid, with major flavonoids being hyperoside, kaempferol, and quercetin. Main water-soluble vitamins were nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and pantothenic acid, followed by pyridoxine, thiamine, and riboflavin. Ethanol extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (30.02 % inhibition of ABTS radicals; IC50 0.918 μg/mL for CUPRAC and low inhibition of BChE and AChE (2.29 % and 3.17 % respectively). These findings highlight A. indica as a valuable natural source of nutritionally significant compounds and antioxidants.