Association of marital/partner status with hospital readmission among young adults with acute myocardial infarction

Introduction: Despite evidence supporting the benefits of marriage on cardiovascular health, the impact of marital/partner status on the long-term readmission of young acute myocardial infarction (AMI) survivors is less clear. We examined the association between marital/partner status and 1-year all-cause readmission and explored sex differences among young AMI survivors. Methods: Data were from the VIRGO study (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI Patients), which enrolled young adults aged 18-55 years with AMI (2008-2012). The primary end point was all-cause readmission within 1 year of hospital discharge, obtained from medical records and patient interviews and adjudicated by a physician panel. We performed Cox proportional hazards models with sequential adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Sex-marital/partner status interaction was also tested. Results: Of the 2,979 adults with AMI (2002 women [67.2%]; mean age 48 [interquartile range, 44-52] years), unpartnered individuals were more likely to experience all-cause readmissions compared with married/partnered individuals within the first year after hospital discharge (34.6% versus 27.2%, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.49). The association attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors (adjusted HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01-1.34), and it was not significant after further adjusting for clinical factors and psychosocial factors (adjusted HR, 1.10; 95%CI, 0.94-1.28). A sex-marital/partner status interaction was not significant (p = 0.69). Sensitivity analysis using data with multiple imputation and restricting outcomes to cardiac readmission yielded comparable results. Conclusions: In a cohort of young adults aged 18-55 years, unpartnered status was associated with 1.3-fold increased risk of all-cause readmission within 1 year of AMI discharge. Further adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and psychosocial factors attenuated the association, suggesting that these factors may explain disparities in readmission between married/partnered versus unpartnered young adults. Whereas young women experienced more readmission compared to similar-aged men, the association between marital/partner status and 1-year readmission did not vary by sex.