The seismic event of 2016 was an exceptional event, due to the vastness of the territory involved, the peculiar typological characteristics of the historical centers involved and the singular mix between architecture and context; a heritage that, like all minor urban contexts, suffers from its own fragility, attributable to a poor propensity to attribute to it a specific ‘monumental’ character. A specificity that puts at risk the conservation of its values, which are identity-related even before being historical-architectural. Today, the unavoidable question of the methods of reconstruction arises: on the one hand, there is the need to quickly repair the damage caused by an earthquake that has disrupted not only the structures but also the consciences and the very identity of the populations; on the other, the need to reconstruct large portions of a historical fabric that has stratified over the centuries. The methods of intervention cannot be directed towards a philological solution; rather, it will be necessary to intervene by trying to conserve as much as possible the surviving material traces, introducing minimal contemporary signs, in an organic unity of old and new. The extension of the concept of monument to broader areas and dimensions poses new critical and interpretative problems related to the 'sense of place' and consequently requires the adoption of appropriate intervention tools, connected to urban planning discipline and territorial planning methodologies, to be combined with those specific to restoration. In terms of urban memory, it will be necessary to promote a reconstruction process, based on the repair, recovery and restoration of what was saved from the earthquake, even in terms of the urban footprint alone (squares, road layouts, housing typologies, etc.) understood as authentic testimony; instead, methods of complete demolition and subsequent reconstruction ex novo. The reconstruction-translation of the minor historical nuclei and the consequent, contextual, cancellation of permanent signs, would in fact definitively remove every trace of their evolutionary memory and together a significant trait of the technical culture of that region; nor would a conservation based on a historical selection be valid since an urban nucleus is, by its nature, a historical present in continuous becoming, devoid of temporality, characterized by a historicity linked to the evolutionary diachronic concept.
L’evento sismico del 2016 ha costituito un’eccezionalità, per la vastità del territorio interessato, le peculiari caratteristiche tipologiche dei centri storici interessati e la singolare commistione fra architettura e contesto; un patrimonio che, come tutti i contesti urbani minori, soffra di una propria fragilità, imputabile ad una scarsa propensione ad attribuirgli uno specifico carattere ‘monumentale’. Una specificità che pone a rischio la conservazione dei suoi valori, che sono identitari prima ancora che storico-architettonici. Si pone oggi l’ineludibile questione delle modalità della ricostruzione: da una parte vi è l’esigenza di riparare in tempi brevi ai danni di un terremoto che ha sconnesso non solo le strutture ma anche le coscienze e l’identità stessa delle popolazioni; dall’altra la necessità di ricostruire ampie porzioni di un tessuto storico stratificatosi nei secoli. Le modalità d’intervento non possono indirizzarsi verso una soluzione filologica; occorrerà piuttosto intervenire cercando di conservare quanto più possibile le tracce materiali superstiti, introducendo minimi segni contemporanei, in una unità organica di antico e nuovo. L’estensione del concetto di monumento ad ambiti e dimensioni più ampi pone inediti problemi critici ed interpretativi relativi al ‘senso del luogo’ e richiede di conseguenza l’adozione di strumenti d’intervento appropriati, connessi alla disciplina urbanistica ed alle metodologie della pianificazione territoriale, da affiancare a quelli propri del restauro. In termini di memoria urbana, occorrerà favorire un processo di ricostruzione, fondato sulla riparazione, il recupero e il restauro di quanto si è salvato dal terremoto, anche in termini di sola impronta urbana (piazze, tracciati viari, tipologie abitative ecc.) intesi come testimonianza autentica; evitando invece modalità di completa demolizione e successiva ricostruzione ex novo. La ricostruzione-traslazione dei nuclei storici minori e la contestuale, conseguente, cancellazione di segni permanenti, sottrarrebbe infatti definitivamente ogni traccia della loro memoria evolutiva ed insieme un significativo tratto della cultura tecnica di quella regione; né varrebbe una conservazione fondata su una selezione storica poiché un nucleo urbano è, per sua natura, un presente storico in continuo divenire, privo di temporalità, caratterizzato da una storicità legata al concetto diacronico evolutivo.
Ricostruzione post-sismica fra mutamenti de luoghi e conservazione della memoria / Montanari, Valeria. - In: ARCHISTOR. - ISSN 2384-8898. - extra n.7/2020 (supplemento al n. 13/2020)(2020), pp. 1854-1871. [10.14633/AHR297]
Ricostruzione post-sismica fra mutamenti de luoghi e conservazione della memoria
Valeria Montanari
2020
Abstract
The seismic event of 2016 was an exceptional event, due to the vastness of the territory involved, the peculiar typological characteristics of the historical centers involved and the singular mix between architecture and context; a heritage that, like all minor urban contexts, suffers from its own fragility, attributable to a poor propensity to attribute to it a specific ‘monumental’ character. A specificity that puts at risk the conservation of its values, which are identity-related even before being historical-architectural. Today, the unavoidable question of the methods of reconstruction arises: on the one hand, there is the need to quickly repair the damage caused by an earthquake that has disrupted not only the structures but also the consciences and the very identity of the populations; on the other, the need to reconstruct large portions of a historical fabric that has stratified over the centuries. The methods of intervention cannot be directed towards a philological solution; rather, it will be necessary to intervene by trying to conserve as much as possible the surviving material traces, introducing minimal contemporary signs, in an organic unity of old and new. The extension of the concept of monument to broader areas and dimensions poses new critical and interpretative problems related to the 'sense of place' and consequently requires the adoption of appropriate intervention tools, connected to urban planning discipline and territorial planning methodologies, to be combined with those specific to restoration. In terms of urban memory, it will be necessary to promote a reconstruction process, based on the repair, recovery and restoration of what was saved from the earthquake, even in terms of the urban footprint alone (squares, road layouts, housing typologies, etc.) understood as authentic testimony; instead, methods of complete demolition and subsequent reconstruction ex novo. The reconstruction-translation of the minor historical nuclei and the consequent, contextual, cancellation of permanent signs, would in fact definitively remove every trace of their evolutionary memory and together a significant trait of the technical culture of that region; nor would a conservation based on a historical selection be valid since an urban nucleus is, by its nature, a historical present in continuous becoming, devoid of temporality, characterized by a historicity linked to the evolutionary diachronic concept.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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