Intraluminal anastomotic assessment using indocyanine green near-infrared imaging for left-sided colonic and rectal resections: a systematic review

Background Indocyanine green fuorescence angiography (ICG-FA) has been used in colorectal surgery to assess anastomotic perfusion and reduce the risks of anastomotic leaks. The main objective of this paper is to review the data on the transanal application of ICG-FA for the intraluminal assessment of colorectal anastomosis. Methods A literature search was conducted for articles published between 2011 and 2021 using PubMed and Cochrane databases, related to the application of ICG for the intraluminal assessment of colorectal anastomosis. Original scientifc manuscripts, review articles, meta-analyses, and case reports were considered eligible. Results A total of 305 studies have been identifed. After abstract screening for duplicates, 285 articles remained. Of those, 271 were not related to the topic of interest, 4 were written in a language other than English, and 4 had incomplete data. Six articles remained for the fnal analysis. The intraluminal assessment of colorectal anastomosis with ICG-FA is feasible, safe, and may reduce the incidence of leaks. Conclusion The intraluminal assessment of anastomotic perfusion via ICG-FA may be a promising novel application of ICG technology. More data is needed to support this application further to reduce leak rates after colorectal surgery, and future randomized clinical trials are awaited.