The introduction of open-access data repositories about Territory has highlighted the issue of organising surveys at different dimensional scales in a systemic view. It is common practice to integrate data such as satellite photographs and DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) with other data obtained from terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry, topography and so on. In the Italian Scientific Disciplinary Area for Civil Engineering and Architecture SSD ICAR/17, the study of applications of optical radiation is an established fact, but much rarer is the discussion about the use of radio waves. In recent years, imaging radars (Radio Detection And Ranging), active sensors based on the recording of microwave energy pulses emitted by them and then reflected by bodies in their field of action, have become widespread. In relation to the purposes of integrated surveying, the overriding peculiarities of radar imaging are: A) the coherence of radar radiation, since microwaves are emitted in phase and then their phase shift is registered during reception; B) the different interactions between the target and the radar beam that scans it, depending on the microwave frequency band used and polarisation; C) the possibility of using these sensors even in total absence of light and in most atmospheric conditions; D) the execution of progressively more complex processing, starting from the two-dimensional images derived from the scans, to obtain DEMs or even point clouds. In this research: 1) we critically analyse methods for recording and processing radar images useful for integrated surveying of Territory and Architecture; 2) we employ some of these methods in two case studies concerning historical military architecture, in order to verify their effectiveness and precision; 3) we study representation apparatuses suitable for the restitution of radar data.

'introduzione di banche dati ad accesso libero riguardanti il Territorio ha posto l'accento sul tema dell'organizzazione, in una visione sistemica, dei rilevamenti a diverse scale dimensionali. È pratica comune integrare dati come le fotografie satellitari e i DEM (Digital Elevation Model) con gli altri dati ottenuti da scansioni laser terrestri, fotogrammetria, topografia e così via. Nel panorama del SSD ICAR/17, lo studio delle applicazioni delle radiazioni ottiche è un dato acquisito, ma assai più rara è la trattazione sull'uso delle onde radio. Nel corso degli ultimi anni si sono diffusi i radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) per la generazione d'immagini, sensori attivi basati sulla registrazione degli impulsi di energia a microonde da loro emessi e poi riflessi dai corpi nel loro campo d'azione. Ai fini del rilievo integrato, le peculiarità preminenti della produzione d'immagini tramite radar sono: A) la coerenza della radiazione radar a microonde, poiché queste ultime sono emesse in fase, per poi registrare il loro sfasamento durante la ricezione; B) le differenti interazioni tra il bersaglio e il fascio radar che lo scandisce, a seconda della banda di frequenza di microonde adoperata e della polarizzazione; C) la possibilità di usare questi sensori anche in totale assenza di luce e nella maggior parte delle condizioni atmosferiche; D) l'esecuzione di elaborazioni via via più complesse, partendo dalle immagini bidimensionali ottenute dalle scansioni, per arrivare a ricavare DEM o persino nuvole di punti. In questa ricerca: 1) analizziamo criticamente dei metodi di registrazione ed elaborazione di immagini radar utili al rilievo integrato territoriale e dell'Architettura; 2) impieghiamo alcuni di questi metodi in due casi di studio concernenti l'architettura storica militare, allo scopo di verificarne l'efficacia e la precisione; 3) studiamo apparati di rappresentazione idonei alla restituzione dei dati radar.

From the integrated survey of architecture and territory to its representation. The contribution of radar antenna in data acquisition / Martelli, Luca. - (2024 Jan 11).

From the integrated survey of architecture and territory to its representation. The contribution of radar antenna in data acquisition

MARTELLI, LUCA
11/01/2024

Abstract

The introduction of open-access data repositories about Territory has highlighted the issue of organising surveys at different dimensional scales in a systemic view. It is common practice to integrate data such as satellite photographs and DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) with other data obtained from terrestrial laser scanning, photogrammetry, topography and so on. In the Italian Scientific Disciplinary Area for Civil Engineering and Architecture SSD ICAR/17, the study of applications of optical radiation is an established fact, but much rarer is the discussion about the use of radio waves. In recent years, imaging radars (Radio Detection And Ranging), active sensors based on the recording of microwave energy pulses emitted by them and then reflected by bodies in their field of action, have become widespread. In relation to the purposes of integrated surveying, the overriding peculiarities of radar imaging are: A) the coherence of radar radiation, since microwaves are emitted in phase and then their phase shift is registered during reception; B) the different interactions between the target and the radar beam that scans it, depending on the microwave frequency band used and polarisation; C) the possibility of using these sensors even in total absence of light and in most atmospheric conditions; D) the execution of progressively more complex processing, starting from the two-dimensional images derived from the scans, to obtain DEMs or even point clouds. In this research: 1) we critically analyse methods for recording and processing radar images useful for integrated surveying of Territory and Architecture; 2) we employ some of these methods in two case studies concerning historical military architecture, in order to verify their effectiveness and precision; 3) we study representation apparatuses suitable for the restitution of radar data.
11-gen-2024
Fornaro, Gianfranco; Verde, Simona
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1699448
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