The two-hit stress model predicts that exposure to stress at two different time-points in life may increase or decrease the risk of developing stress-related disorders later in life. Most studies based on the two-hit stress model have investigated early postnatal stress as the first hit with adult stress as the second hit. Adolescence, however, represents another highly sensitive developmental window during which exposure to stressful events may affect programming outcomes following exposure to stress in adulthood. Here, we discuss the programming effects of different types of stressors (social and nonsocial) occurring during adolescence (first hit) and how such stressors affect the responsiveness toward an additional stressor occurring during adulthood (second hit) in rodents. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms underlying interindividual and sex differences in the resilience/susceptibility to developing stress-related disorders later in life when stress is experienced in two different life stages.

Stress at adolescence as a first hit in stress-related disease development: timing and context are crucial / Mancini, Giulia F.; Meijer, Onno C.; Campolongo, Patrizia. - In: FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY. - ISSN 0091-3022. - (2023).

Stress at adolescence as a first hit in stress-related disease development: timing and context are crucial

Giulia F. Mancini;Patrizia Campolongo
2023

Abstract

The two-hit stress model predicts that exposure to stress at two different time-points in life may increase or decrease the risk of developing stress-related disorders later in life. Most studies based on the two-hit stress model have investigated early postnatal stress as the first hit with adult stress as the second hit. Adolescence, however, represents another highly sensitive developmental window during which exposure to stressful events may affect programming outcomes following exposure to stress in adulthood. Here, we discuss the programming effects of different types of stressors (social and nonsocial) occurring during adolescence (first hit) and how such stressors affect the responsiveness toward an additional stressor occurring during adulthood (second hit) in rodents. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms underlying interindividual and sex differences in the resilience/susceptibility to developing stress-related disorders later in life when stress is experienced in two different life stages.
2023
Stress; Sex differences; Long-term effects; Stress-related disorders; Adolescence; Brain Central nervous system; Rodents; HPA axis; Behavior
01 Pubblicazione su rivista::01a Articolo in rivista
Stress at adolescence as a first hit in stress-related disease development: timing and context are crucial / Mancini, Giulia F.; Meijer, Onno C.; Campolongo, Patrizia. - In: FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY. - ISSN 0091-3022. - (2023).
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1691719
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