Sexual and Romantic Relationships Beyond Binaries: A qualitative study on Experiences of Intimacies of Italian Nonbinary People

Introduction: Nonbinary people (i.e., individuals who define their gender as neither male nor female), as a marginalized population, may experience specific challenges and advantages in romantic and sexual relationships. Few studies have explored this issue in depth. The goal of this work is to enrich research in this field by highlighting what are the common positive and negative experiences in the intimate lives of nonbinary individuals, and the effects on their mental health. Methods: Forty nonbinary participants whose age ranged from 19 to 36 years (M=27,19; SD=4,77) were administered a semi-structured interview created by the research team. Questions were asked to understand participants' feelings and personal experiences about interpersonal intimate relational and sexual dynamics. Several related aspects have been explored, such as: the relationship with body image; experience of desire, arousal and pleasure; feelings of comfort (or discomfort) elicited by sexual fantasies and practices. Results: Using a Thematic Analysis method we identified three themes: 1) Validation and support as resources that facilitate gender affirmation and expression 2) Intimacy satisfaction promoted by mutual recognition, and subversion of traditional gendered sexual scripts 3) Microaggressions and traumatic events that inhibit and freeze gender affirmation and expression. Discussion: For nonbinary people negative experiences of stigma, discrimination and expectations of rejection, can have a significant impact on self-image, feelings of body and social dysphoria, and perceived sense of safety with others. On the other hand, sexual and romantic relationships that are experienced as supportive can be protective factors, meaningfully affecting their overall psychological well-being. In light of the emerging data, it is important in clinical practice to be aware of the specific challenges faced by nonbinary people in the interpersonal contexts, and the effects of marginalization stressors. It is key, therefore, that clinicians promote in patients the importance of pursuing, establishing, and preserving a sense of safety in romantic and sexual relationships.