A year in review in Minerva Anestesiologica 2020. Anesthesia, analgesia, and perioperative medicine

In the past year, this journal published many interesting articles on general anesthesia. The use of closed-loop systems in anesthesia is still limited, possibly because their reliability and effectiveness are still debated.1 In the January issue, a fascinating review by Kong et al. focused on these systems’ hemodynamic stability.2 The meta-analysis carried out by the authors confirmed the superiority of the closed-loop systems over manual control in maintaining the target values of Bispectral Index, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure. The review prompts future research on closed-loop systems based on multiparametric controls