Medico-legal indicators and cut-offs in different age classes through quantitative analysis of epiphyseal fusion segments on knee CT scans

Scientists are interested in determining age in subadults for several forensic purposes. High- resolution instrumental techniques are being increasingly used for age estimation, driven by the need to minimize errors; in this context, several studies have focused on the knee joint, recognized as a potential site for age examination in late adolescence. We analyzed 200 CT scans performed on Russian subjects (106 males and 94 females) between 13 and 20 years, without growth diseases, endocrine disorders, or osteodystrophy. Each subject underwent two scans, one for each leg. Two indicators were measured for each bone (femur, tibia and fibula): the entire length of the epiphyseal scar and the length of the part/s that is/are fused with metaphysis. Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was performed to evaluate the intra-operator reproducibility. The ratio between the two lengths was calculated for each bone (FemurR, TibiaR and FibulaR). The first aim was to evaluate a correlation between the ratios of the three bones and the three bones treated as a single parameter (given by the sum of the ratios) versus age. The results showed good correlations in both cases (τ a = 0.74, 0.64, 0.57 and 0.67). The second aim was to estimate the cut-offs derived from the sum of the three ratios respect to four age classes (14-15 years: cut-off ≤ 0.63, 15-16 years: cut-off ≤ 1.19, 16-17 years: cut-off ≥ 0.68 and 17-18 years: cut-off ≥ 1.49. The results from this research encourage further studies of the knee joint as an indicator of legal adult age.