From Protosolar Space to Space Exploration. The Role of Graphene in Space Technology and Economy

This paper aims to analyze the state-of-the-art of graphene-based materials and devices designed for use in space. The goal is to summarise emerging research studies, contextualize promising findings, and discuss underway strategies to address some specific space-related problems. To complete our overview of graphene-based technology and address the relevance of graphene in the wide scenario of the space economy, we also provide an analysis of worldwide patents and the scientific literature for aerospace applications in the period 2010–2021. We analyzed global trends, country distributions, top assignees, and funding sponsors, evidencing a general increase for the period considered. These indicators, integrated with market information, provide a clear evaluation of the related technology trends and readiness levels.